With its National Hydrogen Strategy (NHS) [], the German government defines a first general framework for a future hydrogen economy the transition phase towards a pure hydrogen infrastructure, there is a growing interest in blending hydrogen into the existing natural gas grid, ensuring a guaranteed outlet, and incentivizing
1. Safety Is Everything. Given the unique chemical characteristics of hydrogen, safety must be the top priority. It is 14 times lighter than air, making it the lightest element in the universe. As a gas, it is difficult to detect because it is colorless, odorless and does not pool near the ground like other fuels.
Many blending demonstrations internationally have proven that low hydrogen percentage blending is feasible under very specific scenarios with limited end-usage applications on both high-pressure transmission lines and low-pressure distribution lines. Blending hydrogen into the natural gas pipelines has been proposed as an approach for
Natural gas. Natural gas (also called fossil gas, methane gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane (97%) [1] in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Traces of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and helium are also usually present. [2]
Project Objective: The project objectives are to (1) analyze failure mechanisms related to hydrogen and hydrogen/natural gas blends, (2) develop knowledge regarding critical flaw sizes and availability and accuracy of ILI tools, and (3) recommend changes to practices for determining reinspection intervals.
It is common to argue that introducing 10% hydrogen into natural gas would reduce the CO 2 emissions by the same percentage. However, the results proved otherwise: replacing 10% of natural gas with
Natural gas reforming is an advanced and mature production process that builds upon the existing natural gas pipeline delivery infrastructure. Today, 95% of the hydrogen produced in the United States is made by natural
Black, brown, and grey hydrogen are produced from breaking down coal or natural gas via heat-powered processes. The CO 2 and CO byproducts are usually released directly into the atmosphere as greenhouse gas emissions. Today, 95 percent of hydrogen produced in the United States is black, brown, or grey hydrogen.
Limits on hydrogen blending in natural gas networks, 2018. IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0. Higher limit for Germany applies if there are no CNG filling stations connected to the network; higher limit for the Netherlands applies to high-calorific gas; higher limit for Lithuania applies when pipeline pressure is greater than 16 bar pressure. Sources
Figure 1. Green hydrogen production, conversion and end uses across the energy system. As at the end of 2021, almost 47% of the global hydrogen production is from natural gas, 27% from coal, 22% from oil (as a by-product) and only around 4% comes from electrolysis.
As at the end of 2021, almost 47% of the global hydrogen production is from natural gas, 27% from coal, 22% from oil (as a by-product) and only around 4% comes from
Hydrogen is less dense than natural gas, and the speed of sound through hydrogen is roughly four times as large as that of natural gas. Viscosity, velocity, density, pressure, and energy of the
Hydrogen demand reached 94 million tonnes (Mt) in 2021, recovering to above pre-pandemic levels (91 Mt in 2019), and containing energy equal to about 2.5% of global
The blending of "green hydrogen", that is hydrogen produced by renewable sources, in the natural gas network at a limited percentage is a key element to enable hydrogen production in a preliminary
Hydrogen blends of more than 20 percent present a higher likelihood of permeating plastic pipes, which can increase the risk of gas ignition outside the pipeline. Due to the lower energy content of hydrogen gas, more hydrogen-blended natural gas will be needed to deliver the same amount of energy to users compared to pure natural
This hydrogen blending study will look at the percentage of hydrogen that can be safely transported through gas pipeline infrastructure, such as Enbridge''s Westcoast natural gas transmission system, as well as FortisBC''s gas transmission and distribution systems, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help develop a low
Hydrogen production from natural gas via SMR is based on 44.5 kWh/kg H2 for natural gas in the case of no CO2 capture, on 45.0 kWh/kg H2 for natural gas in
Hydrogen, as a zero-emission fuel, has gained an important position in recent years to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Although it is a carbon-free fuel, the manufacturing of hydrogen from fossil fuels such as natural gas, petroleum, and coal releases much carbon dioxide [].A more environmentally friendly method, where no
Steam methane reforming (SMR) produces hydrogen from natural gas, mostly methane (CH 4), and water. It is the cheapest source of industrial hydrogen, being the source of nearly 50% of the world''s hydrogen. The process consists of heating the gas to 700–1,100 °C (1,300–2,000 °F) in the presence of steam over a nickel catalyst.
By 2050, blue hydrogen production could require as much as around 500 billion cubic meters of natural gas (between 10 and 15 percent of global natural gas demand in the Further Acceleration scenario), and capacity to capture and store 750 to
The highest share of hydrogen production is held by natural gas steam reforming, accounting for over 70% of the global dedicated hydrogen production, and around 50% of the total hydrogen supply [12], [13], [62]. Another important source of hydrogen, especially in China, is coal gasification.
Currently, most hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels, specifically natural gas. Electricity—from the grid or from renewable sources such as wind, solar, geothermal, or
Global hydrogen use reached 95 Mt in 2022, a nearly 3% increase year-on-year, with strong growth in all major consuming regions except Europe, which suffered a hit to
Several North American utilities are planning to blend hydrogen into gas grids, as a short-term way of addressing the scalable demand for hydrogen and as a long-term decarbonization strategy for ''difficult-to-electrify'' end uses. This study documents the impact of 0–30% hydrogen blends by volume on the performance, emissions, and safety
Given the preponderance of research in recent years that both questions and endorses hydrogen, P&GJ turned to GTI Energy''s knowledgeable engineering and energy delivery expert, Tony Lindsay to interpret what is known, particularly concerning the limits for the percentage of hydrogen that can be safely blended into existing natural gas systems.
Globally, 76 percent of hydrogen is produced from natural gas by SMR, with 22 percent produced through coal gasification and 2 percent from electrolysis. Hydrogen produced
With regard to fossil fuels, by 2030 natural gas demand for hydrogen production is almost 30% higher than in 2022 in the NZE Scenario, while coal demand drops by nearly one-fifth. In both cases, newly deployed production capacity is equipped with CCUS and a fraction of existing facilities still operational in 2030 are retrofitted with CCUS.